Micp Lec Wk 1

What is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye, encompassing bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa, and algae?

• Biology
• Zoology
• Botany
• Microbiology

Who is widely recognized as the "Father of Microbiology," the "Father of Bacteriology," and the "Father of Protozoology"?

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Alexander Fleming

Who discovered life forms capable of surviving without oxygen, introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes," developed pasteurization, created a rabies vaccine, and elucidated the alcoholic fermentation process, showing that different microorganisms produce unique fermentation products?

• Robert Koch
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Alexander Fleming
• Louis Pasteur

Which English surgeon hypothesized that surgical infections were caused by microorganisms and subsequently developed antiseptic surgical procedures, including handwashing, instrument sterilization, and wound dressing with carbolic acid?

• Edward Jenner
• Joseph Lister
• Alexander Fleming
• Robert Koch

Who, in the 1840s, initiated the use of antiseptic procedures to prevent puerperal fever, a serious childbirth-related infection?

• Florence Nightingale
• Robert Koch
• Ignaz Philip Semmelweis
• Louis Pasteur

Who provided direct evidence that bacteria cause disease, identified Bacillus anthracis as the cause of anthrax, formulated a set of postulates to prove microbial causality, discovered B. anthracis spores, developed bacterial staining and photography techniques, and created a tuberculin skin test for tuberculosis?

• Louis Pasteur
• Joseph Lister
• Robert Koch
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who is credited with developing the Petri dish, a crucial tool for growing and manipulating microbial cultures?

• Alexander Fleming
• Richard J. Petri
• Robert Koch
• Louis Pasteur

Who pioneered the use of agar as a solidifying agent in microbiological media?

• Robert Koch
• Richard J. Petri
• Louis Pasteur
• Fanny Hesse

Who developed the Gram stain, a technique for differentiating bacterial groups, and also discovered the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis and cholera?

• Hans Christian Gram
• Robert Koch
• Louis Pasteur
• Richard J. Petri

Which British physician documented the use of cowpox material to immunize against smallpox?

• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Alexander Fleming
• Edward Jenner

Which German physician, searching for a "magic bullet," developed salvarsan, the first effective chemical cure for syphilis?

• Alexander Fleming
• Paul Ehrlich
• Robert Koch
• Edward Jenner

Which Scottish physician discovered penicillin in 1928?

• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Alexander Fleming
• Paul Ehrlich

What term describes an organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye and can only be observed using a microscope?

• Microorganisms
• Macroscopic organisms
• Multicellular organisms
• Complex organisms

What term describes microbes that lack cellular organization, are not bound by a cytoplasmic membrane, and cannot be seen with a light microscope, including viruses and prions?

• Prokaryotes
• Acellular microbes
• Eukaryotes
• Bacteria

What term describes microbes that possess a cytoplasmic membrane, encompassing both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including bacteria, archaea, some algae, protozoa, and some fungi?

• Acellular microbes
• Viruses
• Cellular microbes
• Prions

What term describes cells with genomes contained within a nucleus, encompassing microorganisms like fungi, protozoa, and simple algae, and characterized by larger, more complex structures with various organelles?

• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes
• Acellular microbes
• Viruses

What term describes cells that lack a nucleus, contain their genome within a nucleoid region, are among the smallest living organisms, and can exhibit various shapes like comma or spiral?

• Eukaryotes
• Acellular microbes
• Viruses
• Prokaryotes

What term describes prokaryotic organisms lacking a nucleus, existing in rod, sphere, or spiral shapes, reproducing via binary fission, possessing unique cell wall components, and capable of thriving in diverse environments and temperature ranges?

• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Eukaryotes
• Viruses

What term describes eukaryotic microorganisms, including multicellular molds and unicellular yeasts, that reproduce through spores, prefer acidic environments, and include both beneficial and pathogenic species, with mushrooms as a familiar example?

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Fungus
• Protozoa

What term describes unicellular eukaryotic organisms, many of which exhibit motility through flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia, lack cell walls, and include species responsible for diseases like malaria, sleeping sickness, dysentery, and toxoplasmosis?

• Protozoa
• Fungi
• Archaea
• Bacteria

What term describes tiny genetic material encased in a protein shell, lacking metabolism, reproducing within living cells, and often damaging those cells in the process?

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Protozoa
• Fungi

What term specifically refers to a virus that infects bacteria?

• Fungi
• Prions
• Bacteriophages
• Protozoa

What branch of microbiology involves the detailed and fundamental investigation of microorganisms?

• Applied Microbiology
• Pure Microbiology
• Medical Microbiology
• Industrial Microbiology

What field of study focuses on the immune system and the interactions between pathogens and their hosts?

• Immunology
• Virology
• Bacteriology
• Mycology

What branch of microbiology is dedicated to the study of fungi, including yeasts and molds?

• Bacteriology
• Virology
• Protozoology
• Mycology

What field of study focuses on nematodes, also known as roundworms?

• Entomology
• Helminthology
• Nematology
• Protozoology

What field of study encompasses the investigation of parasites, including but not limited to protozoan and bacterial parasites?

• Bacteriology
• Parasitology
• Mycology
• Virology