MANG 131 Final Exam

TRUE OR FALSE

High-performance work systems have been essential in making organizations strong enough to weather the storm of a recession and remain profitable when the economy begins to expand after the recession.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Managers and economists traditionally have seen human resource management as a source of value to their organizations.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Human resource departments have the same roles and responsibilities in different companies.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Human resources cannot be imitated.

• TRUE
• FALSE

An organization makes selection decisions in order to add employees to its workforce, as well as to transfer existing employees to new positions.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Evidence-based HR refers to the practice of initiating disciplinary action against employees only in the presence of clear and demonstrable proof of undesirable behavior.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

In organizations with sustainable strategies, the HR departments focus on employee development and empowerment rather than short-term costs.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

HR competencies are the sets of knowledge and skills associated with successful human resource management.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The competencies needed by human resource professionals are grouped into four clusters: technical, interpersonal, business, and leadership competencies.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The supervisors in an organization play a key role in employee relations because they are most often the voice of management for the employees.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The right of free consent states that people have the right to be treated only as they knowingly and willingly agree to be treated.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

In companies that are ethical and successful, senior executives are the only stakeholders who are responsible for the actions of the companY.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

For human resource practices to be considered ethical, they must result in the greatest good for the largest number of people.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FLASE

The role of an HR generalist is essentially limited to recruitment and selection.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The typical field of study for the HRM professional is psychology.

• TRUE
• FALSE

The concept of "human resource management" implies that employees are

• resources of the employer
• an unnecessary cost to an employer.
• a rare component of the business world.

In the context of human resource management, human capital refers to the

• wages, benefits, and other costs incurred in support of HR functions in an organization.
• cash, equipment, technology, and facilities that an organization uses.
• total pay earned by an employee.
• organization's employees, who add economic value to the company.

What term describes the employees of an organization in terms of their training, experience, judgment, intelligence, relationships, and insight?

• capital expense
• human capital
• tangible capital
• traditional management
• working capital

Which responsibility is specifically associated with the HR function of employee relations?

• conducting attitude surveys
• ananlyzing work
• creating HR information systems

The process of getting detailed information about jobs is referred to as

• a job rotation
• a job analysis
• policy creation
• supply chain management

The process by which an organization attempts to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that will help the organization achieve its goals is referred to as

• orinetation
• selection
• compensation
• wok analysis

What term describes a planned effort to enable employees to learn job-related knowledge, skills, and behavior?

• selection
• training
• compensation
• performance appraisal

Which HR function involves offering programs through which employees acquire knowledge, skills, and behavior that improve their ability to meet the challenges of a variety of new or existing jobs, including the client and customer demands of those jobs?

• recruitment
• personnel ploicy
• develpoment
• employess relations
• selection

If a company, as part of its job redesign program, plans to set up teams to manufacture products, which program might it offer to help employees learn the ins and outs of effective teamwork?

• development programs
• recruitment programs
• selection programs
• performance management programs

Which term refers to the process of ensuring employees' activities and outputs match an organization's goals?

• job analysis
• supply chain manegement
• performance management
• career planning

__________ refers to the use of quantitative tools and scientific methods to analyze data from human resource databases and other sources to make evidence-based decisions that support business goals.

• cojoint analysis
• workforce analytics
• career develpoment
• tak analysis

What term refers to a systematic, planned effort to attract, retain, develop, and motivate highly skilled employees and managers?

• work flow recruitment
• conjoint analysis
• talent management
• performance management

Which statement best describes evidence-based HR?

• It is demonstrating that human resource practices have a positive influence on a company's profits or key stakeholders.
• It is establishing overlapping performance goals and desired outcomes during performance management.
• It is the process of ensuring that employees' activities and outputs match an organization's goals.

An organization's ability to profit without depleting its resources, including employees, natural resources, and the support of the surrounding community, is called

• absorbability.
• adjustability.
• sustainability.
• cerdibility

The parties with an interest in a company's success—typically, shareholders, the community, customers, and employees—constitute which members of the company?

• advisors
• stakeholders
• management
• personnel

What clusters of competencies are necessary for success in human resource management?

• technical, interpersonal, business, and leadership
• hiring, compensation, event planning, and training
• technical, hiring, motivation, and compensation

Which view on employment reflects the ethical principles embodied in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights?

• HR managers must view employees as having basic rights.
• HR managers have the right to lifetime employment.
• HR managers have the right to hire whoever they deem best suited for a job.
• HR managers must view employees as a necessary expense.

According to the philosopher Immanuel Kant, the right of employees to know the nature of the job they are being hired to do and the obligation of a company not to deceive them in this respect is mainly reflective of the basic right of

• privacy
• free consent
• freedom of speech
• first refusal

The right of privacy is the right of a person to

• know the nature of the job they are being hired for.
• have autonomy in how they carry out their work.
• control what they reveal about their private life.
• have a fair and impartial hearing.
• fight against a wrongful discharge.

By keeping employees' personal records confidential, an employer respects their right of

• equal opportunity
• freedom fo speech
• privacy
• freedom of conscience

If people believe their rights are being violated, they have the right to a fair and impartial hearing. This reflects the basic human right to

• free consent
• lifetime employment
• privacy
• due process

What is the primary professional organization for HRM that provides education and information services, and is also the world's largest human resource management association?

• the Association for Human Resource Professionals
• the Society for Human Resource Management
• the Collective for Strategic Human Resource Management
• the Human Resource Certification Institute

TRUE OR FALSE

The current fastest-growing age group of workers is Millennials.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The United States government sets limits on the number of immigrants who are admitted into the United States to live and work permanently in the United States.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

A high-performance work system requires manual labor to complete the tasks to produce the intended product or service.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Teamwork lowers labor costs, but it rarely motivates employees.

• TRUE
• FALSE

Total quality management provides guidelines for the organization’s sales and manufacturing activities but not human resources.

• TRUE
• FALSE

A computer system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute information about employees is cloud computing.

• TRUE
• FALSE

The external labor market consists of

• current employees of the organization.
• individuals who are actively seeking employment.
• employees who have direct contact with customers.
• contract workers in the organization.

The agency that is responsible for tracking changes in the composition of the U.S. labor force and forecasting employment trends is the

• National Statistics Association.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• U.S. Census Bureau.
• Occupational Outlook Bureau.

Managing cultural diversity involves

• forming different pay structures for various groups.
• creating separate career tracks for employees with families.
• providing benefits such as day care and senior care.
• reducing cultural diversity through selective hiring.

Given the increasing use of computers to do routine tasks, which employee skill is most likely to be actively sought by U.S. employers today?

• mastery of a particular piece of machinery
• interpersonal skills
• ability to perform routine tasks
• ability to work with a variety of tools

Organizations that have the best possible fit between their social system and their technical system are referred to as

• total quality management systems.
• high-performance work systems.
• holistic management systems.
• supply chain systems.

The growth in e-commerce and the information economy has led to an increase in the demand for employees in

• technical jobs
• agriculture
• service occupations
• manufacturing.

What is the term for two companies joining forces to become one entity?

• a takeover
• an aquisition
• a merger
• a joint venture

When two firms in one industry join together as one company in order to hold a greater share of the industry, it is referred to as

• a takeover.
• a consolidation.
• a conglomerate
• assimilation

What was one step Congress took during the COVID-19 pandemic to lessen the blow to those impacted?

• expanded unemployment eligibility to independent contractors, gig workers, and the self-employed
• passed a law allowing companies to offer flexible work arrangements
• provided food assistance to the unemployed
• extended unemployment benefits for one month

When an organization undertakes a complete review of its critical work processes to make them more efficient in an effort to deliver higher quality, it is engaging in

• outsourcing
• offshoring
• reengineering
• greenfield venturing
• codetermining

The practice of having another company provide services is known as

• reengineering
• benchmarking
• downsizing
• outsourcing

Which statement best describes offshoring?

• It is the practice of having another company provide services.
• It refers to moving operations from the country where a company is headquartered to a country where pay rates are lower but the necessary skills are available.
• It is a method of staffing other than the traditional hiring of full-time employees.
• It refers to acquiring a new company in a distant location or another country in order to acquire higher market share or growth.

Employees who take assignments in other countries are called

• external employees.
• expatriates.
• emigrants.
• immigrants

Which technology simulates human thinking?

• electronic performance support systems
• intranet portals
• self-service portals
• clou computing
• artificial intelligence

Which technology can be used to provide employees access to information about HR issues?

• intranet portals
• applicati9on services
• self-service
• business intelligence systems

What is an HR dashboard?

• a system used to store, analyze, and process the information regarding the levels of demand and inventory
• a tool used to measure the profitability and growth rate of the organization
• a display of how the company is performing on specific HR metrics
• a messaging system used by HR managers to communicate with employees

The relationship between an employer and an employee can be thought of in terms of a(n) __________, a description of what an employee expects to contribute in an employment relationship and what the employer will provide the employee in exchange for those contributions.

• offer letter
• psychological contract
• employee contract
• legal bond

The new type of psychological contract has resulted in reduced

• creativity
• flexibilty
• job security
• training and development opportunities.

Which term refers to the intentional practice of changing jobs frequently?

• job hopping
• moonlighting
• job enlargement
• job enrichment
• freelancing

The use of independent contractors, on-call workers, temporary workers, and contract company workers collectively constitutes

• outsourcing
• alternative work arrangements
• consolidation
• offshoring

A person who is employed directly by a company for a certain amount of time, specified in a formal agreement between the company and the workers, is referred to as a(n)

• moonlighter
• on-call worker
• contract worker
• part-time worker

The process companies use to train employees to improve or expand their current skillset is called

• reskilling
• upskilling
• unskilling
• perskilling
• proskilling

TRUE OR FALSE

The laws governing equal employment opportunity do not guarantee equal pay for men and women in an organization.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

If state laws specify different minimum wages than the federal wage level, employees are only entitled to receive the wage determined by the state.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Under the FLSA, children aged 14 and 15 may not be employed outside school hours.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Under the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931 and the Walsh-Healy Public Contracts Act of 1936, employees of federal contractors must receive rates less than the prevailing wages in the area.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

In a product market, different organizations have different target customer markets.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The pay offered by an organization is not limited by its presence in a product market.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Organizations use pay surveys to benchmark compensation.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

According to equity theory, employees evaluate job outcomes such as compensation in terms of their inputs.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

In a two-tier wage system, employees doing the same job are paid two different rates, depending on their technical background and training.

• TRUE
• FALSE

Research suggests that employees in the lower tier of the pay structure in a two-tier wage system are more satisfied than the top-tier employees.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Key jobs are those that are uncommon and have unstable content among many organizations, making them very difficult to evaluate using pay surveys.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Pay grades allow precise matching of pay for individual jobs to market rates and an organization's job structure.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The use of pay differentials based on geographic location is not a common practice in the United States.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Implementing broad bands increases the opportunities for promoting employees.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Skill-based pay systems encourage employees to add to their knowledge.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Assuming that the pay structure is well planned to support the organization’s goals, the compa-ratios should be close to 1.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Issues affecting an organization's pay structure do not affect its reputation in general.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

Military pay often falls short of what service members would earn in their civilian jobs.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The equity of executive pay affects a select few of an organization's employees.

• TRUE
• FALSE

What will most likely be the result of using an unplanned approach, in which each employee's pay is independently negotiated?

• dissatisfied employees
• equal pay distribution
• rates that are stable
• recruitment consistency
• cost control

With respect to pay, which description best defines an organization's job structure?

• the average amount an organization pays for a particular job
• the relative pay for different jobs within the organization
• the characteristics of jobs that the organization values and chooses to pay for
• the minimum amount that employers must pay under federal and state law

Which elements establish an organization's pay structure?

• cost control and equity
• legal requirements and job descriptions
• job structure and pay level

Which statement about equal employment opportunity laws is accurate?

• These laws guarantee equal pay for whites and minorities.
• The goal of these laws is for employers to provide equal pay for equal work.
• Job descriptions and job structures cannot help organizations demonstrate that they are upholding these laws.
• These laws guarantee equal pay for men and women.

Which federal law establishes a minimum wage and requirements for overtime pay and child labor?

• Fair Labor Standards Act
• Americans with Disabilities Act
• Employee Retirement Income Security Act

Which provision is included in the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)?

• personal finance
• overtime pay
• wage discrimnation
• union dues

Under the FLSA, exempt status of employees depends on their

• job title
• job responsibilities and salary.
• work experience

__________ means that an employee is paid a given amount regardless of the number of hours worked or quality of the work.

• Salary basis
• Pay level
• nonexemption
• pay policy line

According to the FLSA, which individual is most likely a nonexempt employee?

• the CEO
• an hourly paid production line employee
• an HR manager
• the director of marketing

Although labor and product markets limit organizations' choices about pay levels, there is a range within which organizations can make decisions. The size of this range depends on the

• pay of federal contractors
• organization's competitive environment
• quality of employees
• organization's global reputation.

Economic theory holds that the most profitable pay level, all things being equal, would be at the

• lowest possible level.
• market rate
• mid-range level
• CPI rate

Which U.S. organization conducts an ongoing National Compensation Survey measuring wages, salaries, and benefits paid to the nation's employees?

• Society for Human Resource Management
• Bureau of Labor Statistics
• AFL-CIO

According to __________ theory, people measure outcomes such as pay in terms of their inputs.

• expectancy
• equity
• economic

What is a pay policy line?

• It shows the mathematical relationship between job evaluation points and pay rate.
• It is the rate of pay per unit produced.
• It requires market-pay-rate data on all jobs in the organization.

What term is defined as a set of possible pay rates with a minimum, maximum, and midpoint of pay for employees holding a particular job?

• pay grade
• pay range
• compa-ratio
• compensation differential

Pay ranges are most common for

• white-collar jobs.
• piece-rate jobs
• gig workers
• construction workers.

Overlapping pay __________ give the organization more flexibility in transferring employees among jobs, because transfers need not always involve a change in pay.

• ranges
• policies
• differentials
• ranks

Assuming an organization wants to motivate employees through promotions, and assuming enough opportunities for promotions are available, the organization would want to

• use a fixed interval promotion policy.
• limit the overlap from one pay range to the next.
• reduce its compa-ratio to less than 1.

What is the result of combining more assignments into a single layer, thus giving managers more flexibility in making assignments and awarding pay increases?

• outsourcing
• broad bands
• rightsizing
• downsizing

Which statement best applies to a compa-ratio?

• It is defined as the ratio of average pay to the midpoint of the pay range.
• It is defined as the ratio of the average pay for the grade divided by the minimum pay for the grade.
• It can range from 0 to 100 percent.

What does it mean when the compa-ratio is below 1?

• The organization may be underpaying its employees.
• The organization is understaffed.
• The organization may be overpaying its employees.

The __________ requires employers to make jobs available to their workers when they return after fulfilling military duties for up to five years.

• Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act
• Fair Labor Standards Act
• Family and Medical Leave Act

The practice of openly communicating information about wages or salary to employees and job candidates is called

• pay planning
• pay transparency.
• salary mirroring
• open salary

Which term is defined as an organization's planned effort to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors?

• benchmarking
• training
• compensation
• recruitment

_________ refers to a process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs.

• role-play
• simulation
• Instructional design

A learning management system is best described as

• the process of determining individuals' needs and readiness for training.
• an online application that automates the administration, development, and delivery of training programs.
• a team of trainers and human resource professionals who are responsible for planning and conducting the training programs in an organization.

Needs assessment is best described as

• the process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees' tasks to determine what kinds of training are necessary.
• a combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training.
• a process that evaluates the monetary needs of employees that will motivate them to undertake a training program.

In a person analysis, what is a primary variable that can be affected by training?

• performance feedback
• the employee's skills
• the organization's input

Which process identifies the knowledge, skills, and behaviors that should be emphasized in training?

• person analysis
• task analysis
• trend analysis

__________ exists when employees are able and eager to learn and when their organizations encourage learning.

• organization analysis
• benchmarking
• orientation
• Readiness for training

__________ is the limit on training's effectiveness that arises from the conditions within the organization.

• social support
• A situational constraint
• a simulation

__________ refers to the ways an organization's people encourage training.

• Benchmarking
• employee orientation
• social support

At All Sport Fitness, managers encourage employees to receive training and praise them when they demonstrate new skills. Employees are excited about how learning helps them succeed at work and take on more responsibility. Which aspect of readiness for training does this example describe?

• training curriculum
• social support
• employee ability

When using an outside training expert, a complete __________ should indicate funding for the project and the process by which the organization will determine its level of satisfaction.

• cohabitation agreement
• request for proposal
• letter of intent

In the context of planning a training program, even though it is time-consuming, putting together a __________ is worthwhile because it helps an organization clarify training objectives, compare vendors, and measure results.

• letter of intent
• request for proposal
• certificate of occupancy

__________ training has become the most widely used training method.

• virtual
• on-the-job
• apprenticeship

Which work-study training method teaches job skills through a combination of on-the-job training and classroom training?

• bumping
• apprenticeship
• co-employment
• onboarding

Which occupation would be most likely to employ an apprentice?

• nurse
• welder
• lawyer
• accountant

Which occupation would most likely employ interns?

• bricklayer
• accountant
• carpenter
• plumber

Which on-the-job training program is typically funded by an educational institution as a component of an academic program?

• internship
• e-training
• simulation training
• coordination training

Which training method involves representing a real-life situation with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would happen on the job?

• apprenticeship
• simulation
• internship
• cross-training

Which statement accurately describes an avatar?

• a computer-based technology that provides an interactive three-dimensional learning experience
• a computer depiction of employees that can be manipulated in an online role-play
• a computer-based technology that provides access to skills training, information, and expert advice when a problem occurs on the job

Using avatars for training purposes is an element of

• action learning
• a simulation
• an orientation

What is a computer-based technology that provides an interactive, three-dimensional learning experience?

• benchmarking
• virtual reality
• instructional design

Which term refers to a detailed description of a situation that trainees analyze and discuss and is designed to develop higher-order thinking skills?

• request for proposal
• a case study
• an avatar

__________ involves training sessions in which participants observe other people demonstrating the desired behavior, then have opportunities to practice the behavior themselves.

• random testing
• behavior modeling
• classroom training

Behavior modeling is especially useful for improving

• clerical skills
• interpersonal skills
• spatial skills

A(n) __________ is a training method in which participants learn concepts and then apply them by simulating the behaviors involved and analyzing the activity, connecting it with real-life situations.

• experiential program
• case study
• internship

Which form of experiential training is a teamwork and leadership training program that uses challenging, structured outdoor activities?

• cross-training
• adventure learning
• behavior modeling

__________ is a training method that coordinates the performance of individuals who work together to achieve a common goal.

• simulation
• team training
• apprenticship

Which work setting is most likely to benefit from team training?

• stock brokerage firm
• a commercial airline
• elementary school teachers

Team training in which team members understand and practice each other's skills so that they are prepared to step in and take another member's place is referred to as

• behavior modeling
• action learning
• cross-training
• experiential training.

__________ trains a team on how to share information and decisions to obtain the best team performance.

• diversity training
• coordination training
• simulation

Which form of group building results in employees who are able to apply what they learn because it involves real problems the organization is facing?

• business games
• action learning
• simulations
• virtual reality

In the context of principles of learning, which term is defined as the difficulty level of written materials?

• simulation
• readability
• action learning

__________ requires that employees actually learn the content of the training program and that the necessary conditions are in place for employees to apply what they learned.

• behavior modleing
• transfer of training
• simulation

Information such as facts, techniques, and procedures that trainees can recall after training is an example of

• training outcomes
• training credits
• trainingimprovements

The simplest approach to evaluating training is to

• compare pretest and posttest scores of the trained group with those of an untrained group.
• calculate the return on investment.
• use only a posttest.

Which form of training prepares employees to perform their jobs effectively, learn about the organization, and establish work relationships?

• bumping
• orientation
• conditioning

Information that measures the degree to which two sets of numbers are related are known as

• reliable ratings
• correlation coefficients.
• natural numbers

What does a correlation of 0 mean?

• a positive correlation
• no correlation
• a correlation where one number goes up and the other goes down

Which measure of validity is based on showing a substantial correlation between test scores and job performance scores?

• criterion-related validity
• diagnostic validity
• content validity

The consistency between test items or problems and the kinds of situations or problems that occur in a job is known as __________ validity.

• predictive
• content
• diagnostic

For tests that measure abstract qualities such as intelligence or leadership skills, validity would best be established by __________ validation

• criterion-related
• construct
• predictive

A selection method that is valid in other contexts beyond the context for which it was developed is known as a(n) __________ method.

• practical
• generalizable
• invalid
• reliaable

The extent to which a selection method provides economic value greater than its cost is called its

• practicality.
• utility.
• accountability.

Which law requires employers to make "reasonable accommodation" to individuals with physical limitations?

• the Civil Rights Act of 1991
• the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991
• the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1988

What can be asked in an application form to gather information about suitable candidates for a job?

• educational background
• marital status
• race
• number of children

If a former employer gives a glowing statement about a candidate and the new employer later learns of misconduct on the part of the employee during his or her previous employment, the new employer may sue the former for

• defamation.
• libel
• misrepresentation.

The controversial practice that treats a range of scores as being similar and thus allows employers to give preference to underrepresented groups within these similar scores is known as

• banding.
• generalizing.
• affirmative action.
• sensitizing.

Which of these is a "Big Five" personality trait?

• knowledge
• aptitude
• extroversion
• honesty

What trait is typically found in a conscientious person?

• socialable
• dependable
• emotionally stable
• curious

Which test is a legal means to test the integrity of job applicants and generally involves asking applicants directly about their attitudes toward theft and their own experiences with theft?

• polygraph test
• paper-and-pencil honesty test
• cognitive ability test
• personality inventory test

A __________ interview generally includes open-ended questions about the candidate's strengths, weaknesses, career goals, and work experience, but they do not have great reliability.

• behaviorial
• situational
• nondirective
• structured

TRUE OR FALSE

There is no consistent process for selecting employees across organizations and jobs.

• TRUE
• FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE

The flexibility of a measurement indicates how free that measurement is from random errors.

• TRUE
• FALSE