Biochem (Lec)

The process of breaking down sugar (Glucose) into simpler molecules without using oxygen

• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration
• Fermentation
• Digestion

German chemist who created the study of enzymes

• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• Alexander Fleming
• Eduard Buchner

Who are the people that were credited for inventing the compound microscope?

• Hans Jansen, Zacharias Jansen, Hans Lippershey
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Marcello Malpighi
• Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton
• Leonardo da Vinci, Roger Bacon, Ibn al-Haytham

He is the first person to use the term "cell".

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• Theodor Schwann
• Robert Hooke
• Matthias Schleiden

He discovered and named bacteria and protozoa "animalcules" in 1670s

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• Matthias Schleiden
• Robert Hooke
• Carolus Linnaeus

This people concluded that all plant and animal tissues were made up of or composed of cells.

• Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
• Robert Hooke and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
• Hans Jansen and Zacharias Jansen

Theodor Schwaan: ________, Matthias Schleiden: ________

• English physicist, French chemist
• German physician and physiologist, German botanist
• Dutch lensmaker, English microscopist
• Italian astronomer, Swiss anatomist

This German physicist confirmed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Matthias Schleiden
• Theodor Schwann
• Robert Hooke
• Rudolf Virchow

Which type of cell typically has a single cell and its DNA stored in the cytoplasm?

• Prokaryote
• Nerve cell
• Eukaryote
• Stem cel

Which type of cell typically is a multicelled organism and its DNA stored in a nucleus?

• Prokaryote
• Nerve cell
• Eukaryote
• Stem cel

This cell structure can be found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus and serves as the viscous fluid medium.

• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
• Endoplasmic

This cell structure is mostly made up of cholesterol and lipids; it is also the limiting boundary of the cell.

• Nucleus
• Plasma membrane
• Cell wall
• Cytoplasm

This cell structure is enclosed inside a double membrane called nuclear envelope and it functions as the storage for DNA that serves as the genetic material used for protein synthesis

• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus
• Nucleus

This consists of RNA and proteins, which function as the ribosomal unit assembly.

• Nucleolus
• Nucleus
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus

This functions as the producer of energy in the form of ATP and has a double membrane that contains circular strands of DNA.

• Nucleus
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Mitochondria

Which cellular structure is responsible for translating mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids and can be found either freely floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

• Lysosome
• Ribosome
• Golgi apparatus
• Centrosome

Which cellular organelle is an extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape and modifies, transports, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes?

• Golgi apparatus
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Lysosome
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which cellular organelle is an extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosomes and involved in lipid synthesis, membrane synthesis and repair, and drug detoxification?

• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Lysosome

Which cellular organelle consists of a series of elongated, flattened sac-like membranous structures and modifies, packages, and sorts materials arriving from the endoplasmic reticulum?

• Lysosome
• Golgi apparatus
• Peroxisome
• Vacuole

Which of the following describes structures that transport cellular material?

• Lysosomes
• Vesicles
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria

Mature vesicles are called?

• Transport vesicles
• Storage vesicles
• Endocytic vesicles
• Secretory vesicles

Which spherical, membrane-bound organelles, formed from the Golgi apparatus, contain digestive enzymes and digest microbes or materials ingested by the cell?

• Peroxisomes
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes
• Ribosomes

Which smaller, spherical, membrane-bound organelles, formed from the endoplasmic reticulum, detoxify specific harmful substances produced by or taken into the cell?

• Lysosomes
• Peroxisomes
• Golgi apparatus
• Vesicles

Which cellular structure is an organized network of protein filaments that maintains the cell's structural support and organization?

• Cytoskeleton
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Cell membrane

Which component of the cytoskeleton aids in cell movement?

• Microtubules
• Intermediate filaments
• Microfilaments
• All of the above

Which structure, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and proteins, provides mechanical and structural support to plant cells?

• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Cytoskeleton
• Extracellular matrix

Which part of interphase is characterized by the cell carrying out normal functions, increasing in size, and organelles increasing in number?

• S phase
• G2 phase
• G1 phase
• M phase

Which part of interphase is characterized by the cell making a copy of its nuclear DNA?

• G1 phase
• G2 phase
• M phase
• S phase

Which part of interphase is characterized by continued normal cell functions, additional growth, and a critical checkpoint to ensure adequate size and undamaged DNA before mitosis?

• G1 phase
• S phase
• G2 phase
• M phase

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes coiling up, the nuclear envelope disappearing, and spindle fibers forming?

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes lining up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers connecting to the chromosomes?

• Prophase
• Anaphase
• Metaphase
• Telophase

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosome copies dividing and spindle fibers pulling chromosomes to opposite poles?

• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Prophase

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes uncoiling, nuclear envelopes forming, two new nuclei being formed, and spindle fibers disappearing?

• Anaphase
• Metaphase
• Prophase
• Telophase

What is the final stage of mitosis, during which the cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear material are evenly split, forming two new cells?

• Telophase
• Metaphase
• Cytokinesis
• Anaphase

What is the exchange of genetic material between sister chromatids, resulting in greater variation?

• Crossing Over
• Mitosis
• Meiosis II
• Independent Assortment

What process literally means "creation of gametes," referring to the formation of egg and sperm cells?

• Mitosis
• Fertilization
• Cytokinesis
• Gametogenesis